ABSTRACT

Springs are an important part of the Etruscan landscape, as are rivers, hills and mountains, valleys and plains, forests and groves, and, as far as we can tell, each could serve as a place of worship under divine protection.1 The deities were known by name, and their sphere of power was carefully de ned in the sky and on earth, as shown on the Piacenza liver and in the text of Martianus Capella.2