ABSTRACT
Our study of the evolution of international relations takes us back to the earliest written
records. Of course there were cities and kingdoms before that, and of course they had
relations with one another. We can see from the archaeological record that there was
trade, and war, and other exchanges. But until men developed the art of writing, and
began to keep records of transactions between different communities, we cannot now, at
this distance, any longer see what these were.
