ABSTRACT
P PY'7 V@ [79'7 9>4,'V9@>< ,>*9>6P '@Y<* #, VV'7,*) P 9P V7, 'P,
[9V7 >@=9><P( '1G V7, #P9' 1@N= DB0 L'NM >* V7, 9>4,'V,* 1@N=P DB0@
/) DB0@==) DB0@*@(*/G
7, *9'V9@>N] 1@N= @1 9>>9P7 Z,N#P) 9G,G V7, P7@NV,N E#P9'F 1@N= @1
V7, 2NPV 9>2>9V9Z, EV7, 9>2>9V9Z,F) <N,*] 7P > ,>*9>6) ,G6G 0=B@
LEV@F #Y]M) E=BB@ LEV@F >P[,NM) +D0@ LEV@F *N9>;MG ,1@N, @V7,N Z,N#
1@N=P '> #, =*, @>, =YPV 2NPV V;, @11 V7, 9>2>9V9Z, ,>*9>6 1N@=
V7, PV,=) V@ [79'7 @V7,N ,>*9>6P N, V7,> **,*) '1G 0=B@ LEV@F #Y]M (
0=B@*=*@/ L [@Y<* #Y]M ( 0=B@/DB L#@Y67VMG
@=, Z,N#P 7Z, =@N, V7> @>, PV,=) 9> [79'7 'P, @>, 9P 1@N=,*
1N@= V7, @V7,N) ,G6G E=BB@ LEV@F >P[,NM ( E=B@/ L >P[,NM >* BD-@-
LEV@F '@=,M ( BD-@/ L '@=,MG @>P@>>V 6N*V9@> EP,'V9@> 5GBF >*
Z@[,< '7>6,P #,1@N, )* EP,'V9@> 5GXF 11,'V Z,N#P 9> =Y'7 V7, P=,
[] P >@=9><P) ,G6G /B@ LEV@F 69Z,M ( //@/ L 69Z,M E'@>P@>>V
6N*V9@>F ( //0@*@/ L 6Z,M EZ@[,< '7>6,) >* <P@ '@>P@>>V
6N*V9@>FG
7, PV,=P >,,*,* 1@N V7, '@>:Y6V9@> @1 Z,N#P N, V7,
) [79'7 9P NN9Z,* V 1V,N V7, 9>2>9V9Z, ,>*9>6P N, *,V'7,*
''@N*9>6 V@ V7, NY<,P 69Z,> 9> P,'V9@> SGB) >* V7, )
[79'7 '> #, 1@N=,* 1N@= V7, 9>2>9V9Z, PV,= EP,'V9@> SGXF >* V@ [79'7)
1@N ,\=D<,) V7, D,NP@>< ,>*9>6P N, **,* EP,'V9@> SGWFG
EP,'V9@>
BRGXF(
MD@ ;/;6P6U) );'6;3J
7, 2NPV 9>2>9V9Z, E<P@ '<<,* V7, 9>2>9V9Z,F 7P 1@YN V]D,P @1 ,>*9>6(
EBF ) )Q EXF ) )Q EWF )B )BQ >* E5F )- )-) )/ )/) ); );G
7, =@PV '@==@> @>, 9P ) )G << V7, 9>2>9V9Z, ,>*9>6P N, DN,',*,*
#] V7, 9>2>9V9Z, PV,=G
7+ +>)9>6 5 5 @%%WMN Y7+> T7+ 9>2>9T9X+ NT+= +>)N 9> N7@MT
X@Y+<F
7+ +>)9>6 5 5 <N@ @%%WMN Y7+> T7+ 9>2>9T9X+ NT+= +>)N 9> N7@MT
X@Y+< 1@<<@Y+) "[ P DWNW<<[ 5PN' 5PNEF
9S; ,F2N =9SPPD Y>T T@ >+0-N@=+ "++MF
4P=6J6P8= >J3NF @W<) [@W <9;+ T@ !DH
I6P; >02N J6P J)9UJP6D TM[ T@ ?K T7+ T79>6N %<+M<[F
6;S; PXPXX .)C N8 =WNT .!H!F
8= P99 52.CCNF > @>+ ?/1-! 7+M+H
XP J6;S; A6P .25 CCND @Y [@W =WNT ?D14F
JJ =; :S8U +>CFND T 9N >9%+ T@ ?+D 7+M+F
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;PN 69X+ 8XJXN N;
98N "+69> 94P)N <+X+
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M
7+
%@>:W6T9@>
@1 X+M"N
7+ +>)9>6 5' 5' @%%WMN Y7+> T7+ 9>2>9T9X+ NT+= +>)N 9> <@>6
X@Y+< @M )9C7T7@>6F
7+ +>)9>6 5P 5P @%%WMN Y7+> T7+ 9>2>9T9X+ NT+= +>)N 9> 5JF
7+ +>)9>6N 59 59' 5; 5;' 5I 5I @%%WM Y7+> T7+ 9>2>9T9X+
NT+= +>)N 9> > 9)+>T9%< %@>N@>>T D59' 5;' 5IEF
7, =@PV 9=D@NV>V V]D,P N, V7@P, ,\,=D<92,* #] /B@ >*
(D0.B@6 @ Z,N#P N, <P@ 9=D@NV>VG 7,N, N, >@V =>] Z,N#P
[9V7 9>2>9V9Z,P ,>*9>6 9> )/ )/ >* ); );G
> /B@ >* =@ Z,N#P << 9>4,'V,* 1@N=P N, #P,* @> V7,
9>2>9V9Z, PV,=G YV 9> V7, @V7,N Z,N# 6N@YDP V <,PV P@=, 1@N=P N, <P@
#P,* @> V79P PV,=G 7, 1@<<@[9>6 NY<, PVV,P [79'7 9>4,'V,* 1@N=P @1 <<
JN' 6+T 7N' M+=9>
PS=N' "M9>6 U6)N' T;+
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;=SJNP M9N+ AJNP "+ <<@Y+)
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PS9N9 %@=+ U6)P)9N9 +>T9%+
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A;N; CWT :);N; 6@
ASINI "9T+
>2>9T9X+
+>)9>6N
9T7 << X+M"N T7+ 9>2>9T9X+ NT+= 9N WN+) T@ 1@M=&
B 7+ CNT CMT9%9C<+ DN+%T9@> B5FUEF
V @NT 9=C+MT9X+ 1@M=N DN+%T9@> B3FUEF
U @T+>T9< 1@M=N DN+%T9@> B3F5EF
5 NN9X+ 1@M=N DN+%T9@>N BQFV/BQF3EF
3 7+ N+%@>) 9>2>9T9X+ DN+%T9@> BPFUEF
MDR ;1)$P6=;9 JP):J
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V7,9N 9>4,'V9@>< PV,=P EP,'V9@>P SGXGB/SGXG5FQ 9V '@>'<Y*,P [9V7 1,[
PD,'9< 'P,P EP,'V9@>P SGXG3/SGXGSFG << 1@N=P ,\',DV V7@P, =,>V9@>,* 9>
V7, #@Z, NY<, N, =*, 1N@= V7, 9>4,'V9@>< PV,=G @N ,'7 Z,N#) V[@
,\=D<,P @1 V7, 9>4,'V9@>< PV,= N, 69Z,> 9> @N*,N V@ 9<<YPVNV, V7,
,11,'V @1 '@>P@>>V 6N*V9@> E,G6G /B@ LEV@F 69Z,M ( //@/ L 69Z,M (
E(/F /B@ LE7,TP7,F 69Z,PMFG
@8E84 ;PN G =>
/B@ Z,N#P) [7,N, V7, 9>2>9V9Z, ,>*9>6 @''YNP 1V,N P7@NV Z@[,<) *@
>@V 7Z, P,DNV, 9>4,'V9@>< PV,=Q @V7,N ,>*9>6P N, **,* *9N,'V<]
V@ V7, 9>2>9V9Z, PV,=G 7, P]=#@< 9>*9'V,P '@>P@>>V 6N*V9@>G
;PN X+M"N 7X+ @><[ > 9>2>9T9X+ NT+=F
&569 &+!+&9&; &569 -56,+ 6#0 $&5 -56,+ 6#0
;PN 69X+ ;;N; 69X+ ;PN 7+RN7+ 69X+N
=JPN "W[ =JPN; =JPN
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9>2>9V9Z, PV,= >* V7, 9>4,'V9@>< PV,= 9P '@=D<,\ @>,G 7, 8B @1
V7, 9>2>9V9Z, <V,N>V,P [9V7 8@) >* '@>P@>>V 6N*V9@> DD<9,P
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7,> Z,N#P N, #@NN@[,* 1N@= @V7,N <>6Y6,P) V7,] =@PV 1N,HY,>V<]
N, 9>4,'V,* ''@N*9>6 V@ V79P V]D,( %,=BT LEV@F 1\M) =,//BT LEV@F
P'>M) B ,=BBT LEV@F P,>* V,\V =,PP6,MG
> 4S=:PN X+M"N T7+ 5P @1 T7+ 9>2>9T9X+ NT+= %7>6+N T@ 5 @M 5
%%@M)9>6 T@ X@Y+< 7M=@>[O %@>N@>>T 6M)T9@> 11+%TN T7+ 9>2>9T9X+
NT+=F
4)IPPN Y;+ WC 4)IPN; 4)IPPN
8XJXN N; 8XJXN; 8XJXNX
&569 &+!+&9&; &569 -56,+ 6#0 $&5 -56,+ 6#0
4S=:PN >@T9%+ 4S=:N; >@T9%+ 4S=: 7+RN7+
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PI7=PN @11+M PI7=N; PI7=N
49SPN Y>T 49SN; 49SN
A)9PN 1+M A)98N; A)98
>4+%T9@><
NT+=N
@8E8D N' G =>
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<@>6 Z@[,< @N *9D7V7@>6) 9P P9=9<N V@ V7, /B@ 6N@YD 9> V7V V7,P,
Z,N#P V@@ 7Z, @><] > 9>2>9V9Z, PV,=G 79P Z,N# 6N@YD 9P D@DY<N
=@*,< 1@N #@NN@[,* Z,N#P PY'7 P /*.0*@ LEV@F >9=V,M) */E =B0*@
LEV@F 9>Z,PVMG
N' X+M"N 7X+ @><[ > 9>2>9T9X+ NT+=F
U)68PN "+T U)688N; U)688
48PN 7+Y' "+T 488N; 488
:PN <9+ :8N; :8
PUPN =++T PAN; PA
8'=PN )9NCC+M 8P=N; 8P=N
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;6:=6N' >9=T+ ;6:=6N; ;6:=6
AXJ8?6N' CM; AXJ8?6N; AXJ8?6
