ABSTRACT
Kemmis’s work was developed – with particular reference to ‘environmental education’ but with a clear understanding of this term as comprising both environmental and social justice elements – by Robottom. At the heart of his approach is action research, which:
is mediated by praxis I` WYHJ[P[PVULYZ» JYP[PJHS YLÅLJ[PVU \WVU [OLPY professional activities. It aims at personal improvement through praxis applied to the dialectic between thought and action. It also aims at program and institutional improvement through praxis applied to the dialectic between individual action and societal structure and history (that of the program, or the institution, or society at large). Action research promotes rational decision-making in the sense that the practitioner (or group of practitioners) is able to choose between alternative courses of professional action, the respective rationales of which have been subject to deliberation by the practitioners themselves.
