ABSTRACT
The United States and its major global partners in the war on terrorism all face the same challenge: bringing intelligence and law enforcement agencies much closer together than they had been, and doing so in ways that do not run high risks of infringing on privacy and civil liberties. In the United States, the “wall” between intelligence and law enforcement was built rather consciously, from the time of forming the CIA in the late 1940s, and it was reinforced by the Congressional investigations of intelligence abuses in the 1970s. It extended not just across agencies but also inside them, especially the FBI. It sharpened what were not just bureaucratic differences but also deep differences in purpose, method, time horizon and standard between intelligence and law enforcement. Now, that wall is being dismantled, and law enforcement and intelligence are being pushed together.
