Arch, Column, Equestrian Statue: Three Persistent Forms of Public Monument

Thebasicformsofthepublicmonument-thetriumphalarch,thecommemorativecolumnorobelisk,andtheequestrianstatue-wereestablishedinRomein antiquityandhavepersistedtoanextraordinarydegreeinmoderntimes.They wereadaptedinavarietyofwaysbylatersocietiesanddifferedagreatdealin theiraims,bothfromtheoriginalmodelsandfromeachother.IncontrasttoProfessorJohnson'sincisivereviewofthemonumentinhistory,mytriadofformsincludesthedistinctionbetweenmale(column/obelisk)andfemale(arch).