ABSTRACT
In principle, every state has to permit its citizens free trade with foreign partners. In addition to common trade restrictions, designed to protect national import competitors against foreign imports and therefore unambiguously in conflict with the principles of the order of liberty (16.3; 17), there are also restrictions based on other motives. We may mention in particular trade restrictions whose aim is to open up foreign markets (18.1), trade embargos intended to establish or protect the right to freedom of foreigners or of national individuals abroad (18.2), and anti-dumping measures designed to counter obstructive-competitive actions by foreign entrepreneurs on the home market (18.3). As we shall discover, trade restrictions whose purpose is one of the above are also incompatible with the principles of the order of liberty.
