ABSTRACT
During the four and a half decades that have passed since Sudan’s independence, the country has witnessed profound changes in its society’s composition and setup. Demographic tendencies showed further urbanization and the growth of urban centres, an increase in the number of people involved in modern sectors of the economy, wide internal and outward migration, and expansion of education at general and higher levels. At the same time the period also witnessed considerable economic deterioration and decline of standards of living for the majority of population on a wide scale and even periods of famine. In their turn these crises generated their own dynamics that affected Sudanese politics and society.
