ABSTRACT
Innovations do not only take place in private enterprises, they also take place within public administration which has otherwise had a tradition for introducing few, and then only incremental, changes. Planning in public administration used to consist, more or less, of automatically extrapolating the budget. For many different reasons this tradition has changed dramatically within the last few decades. In the 1970s and 1980s it became clear that large scale societal changes (due to such things as an increasingly overstitched economy, growing unemployment, the introduction of information technology, and an increase in international relations) demanded new solutions. In other words, there was a need and a political demand for innovation in and development of the public administration.
