ABSTRACT
Neurotoxicity can be defined as an adverse effect of chemicals on the structure or function of the central or peripheral nervous system (NRC, 1992). Structural alterations include changes in the morphology of the various cells or subcellular components. Functional changes include neurophysiological, neurochemical or behavioral alterations. Adverse effects of chemicals on the nervous system are a function of both the property of the chemical and the characteristics of the constituents of the nervous system (US EPA, 1994). This principle is important for understanding site-specific effects of chemicals in the nervous system due to of the relative complexity and heterogeneity of the various components of the nervous system. Adverse effects include chemical-induced changes that diminish the ability of the individual to survive, reproduce or adapt to the environment (US EPA, 1994). Adverse effects identified and studied in humans and animals include impaired muscle movements, alterations in sensory function, autonomic dysfunction, and disruption of cognitive functions such as learning, memory and attention (Anger, 1984, 1990).
