ABSTRACT
Over the past sixty years, a large body of research has been devoted to studying social and group norms and to looking at how they are formed (Sherif, 1935), transmitted (Newcomb, 1943), and internalized (Hoffman, 1983). A wide variety of tools and methods have been employed in the many studies carried out, including the observation of behaviors in an ecological environment (Cialdini, Kallgren, and Reno, 1991), the recording of responses in an experimental laboratory setting (Sherif, 1935), and the administration of questionnaires dealing either with general social values (Schwartz and Bilsky, 1990) or with more specific social norms such as the ones addressed in this book. The purpose of this chapter is to present the various tools and instruments that have been developed to study social norms of judgment. First, the procedures used to validate such instruments will be discussed. Then, the tools themselves will be presented. The norm of internality and the tools used to study it will then be examined at length, before we go on to look at the instruments developed for studying other norms.
