ABSTRACT
Formal management education, and education more widely, is the tip of a learning iceberg. Most research on learning is focused on the tip of the iceberg. Managers, like other people, learn in everyday practice as well as in formal education. People without the title ‘manager’ learn to manage all kinds of situations and events and manage to learn as they go (Fox 1994a, 1994b). Management learning, as a research field, studies the management of learning and the learning of management (Fox 1994a, 1994b). The former is very general, covering the formal and informal management of all areas of knowledge production and learning in practice, whereas the learning of management is more specific, asking how do people learn management? There are three main routes:
• management practice itself – learning by doing management work, often in an organisational context;
• engaging in management development and training, often, though not always, organised by the employer;
• engaging in management education, usually leading to an accredited qualification, such as an MBA or a professional diploma (see Fox 1994a and 1997 for discussion).
