ABSTRACT
Anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, and safeguard measure are the trade remedy measures that are available in accordance with the GATT and the WTO. Based on the statistics from the WTO in Table 9.1, the total number of global trade investigations reached 4,501 from 1995 to 2011, including anti-dumping (4,010), anti-subsidy (262), and safeguard measures (229). Although the number of safeguard investigations is far less than the number of anti-dumping investigations, each case may involve at least five countries and may cause trade frictions, which should not be taken lightly. Note that the number of anti-dumping investigations has been declining in recent years after a peak in 2001 (Figure 9.1), and there is a clear upward trend in the ratio of the number of safeguard investigations to the total of trade investigations (Figure 9.2). The different trends of trade remedy measures, 1995–2011 (data source: online, available: <uri><a href="https://www.wto.org" target="_blank">www.wto.org</a></uri> [accessed May 2012]). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203491638/cd7e7173-b480-4531-bec2-27b7852e14f4/content/fig9_1_B.jpg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> The proportion of safeguard measures, 1995–2011 (data source: online, available: <uri><a href="https://www.wto.org" target="_blank">www.wto.org</a></uri>[accessed May 2012]). https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9780203491638/cd7e7173-b480-4531-bec2-27b7852e14f4/content/fig9_2_B.jpg" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"/> The statistics on trade dispute initiations by WTO members https://www.niso.org/standards/z39-96/ns/oasis-exchange/table">
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Safeguard measure
2
5
3
10
15
25
12
34
15
Anti-subsidy
10
7
16
25
41
18
27
9
15
Anti-dumping
157
226
246
266
358
298
371
315
234
TOTAL Disputes
169
238
265
301
414
341
410
358
264
The proportion of safeguard measures
0.01
0.02
0.01
0.03
0.04
0.07
0.03
0.09
0.06
Year
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
total
Safeguard measure
14
7
13
8
10
25
20
11
229
Anti-subsidy
8
6
8
11
16
28
9
8
262
Anti-dumping
220
202
203
165
213
201
171
155
4,010
TOTAL Disputes
242
215
224
184
239
254
200
174
4,501
The proportion of safeguard measures
0.06
0.03
0.06
0.04
0.04
0.10
0.01
0.06
0.05
Source: online, data available at: www.wto.org [accessed May 2012].