aphonia [Grk ‘sound, voice’]

In speech-language pathology, term referring to an impairment of phonation (the most severe degree of dysphonia) due to organic causes (e.g. infection or trauma) or psychogenic causes.

References

Scholefield, J.A. 1987. Aetiologies of aphonia following closed head injury. British Journal of Disorders of Communication 22. 167-72. voice disorder

Having the apex, or tip, of the tongue as the primary articulator. In English, [t, d, n] are apical sounds. ( also articulatory phonetics, place of articulation, retroflex)

References

phonetics

Speech sound classified according to its (primary) articulator (apex=tip of the tongue) and its (primary) place of articulation (alveolar ridge). In English, [t, d] are apicoalveolar sounds. ( also articulatory phonetics)