ABSTRACT
I’ve given ‘Certainty’ as the title of this paper; but I’m not going to say anything at all about the certainty of Mathematics and Logic, nor, in general, the certainty of necessary propositions. What I shall be solely concerned with is certainty in the sense or senses in which contingent or empirical matters of fact can be said to be ‘certain’; and I’m going to talk about the use of the phrase ‘It’s certain that …’ or ‘That’s certain’, rather than such phrases as ‘I’m certain that …’ or ‘I feel certain that …’.
