ABSTRACT
Displacement of goals University technology transfer offices (TTOs) are undergoing transition from a marketing model, focused on sale of intellectual property rights, to an innovation model, focused on enhancement of academic entrepreneurship capabilities. TTO metrics, however, lag practice, having been institutionalized in the early 1990s, before they spread to less research-intensive schools. Reflecting the experience of research-intensive universities, they do not include the often hidden precommercialization activities of less research-intensive schools.
