ABSTRACT
At the time of the invention of television in the early 1920s, the materialist and positivist values of modernism had achieved their zenith. Subjective consciousness lay “within” the mind and the outer, observable world presented itself as something inanimate-to be measured, controlled, or consumed. “Reality” was that which was material, public, external and objectively measurable. The predominant mode of consciousness was rationalism, and “spirit” was consigned to esoteric group movements such as spiritism.
