ABSTRACT
The difference between development as that which happens in history and what is deliberately willed to happen has often been mentioned in the literature on the history of the idea of development. H.W.Arndt, for instance, noted that the distinction between immanent and intentional development lies at the heart of economic development:
Whereas for Marx and Schumpeter, economic development was a historical process that happened without being consciously wished by anyone, economic development for Milner and others concerned with colonial policy was an activity, especially though not exclusively, of government. In Marx’s sense, it is a society or an economic system that ‘develops’; in Milner’s sense, it is natural resources that are ‘developed’. Economic development in Marx’s sense derives from the intransitive verb, in Milner’s sense from the transitive verb. 1
