ABSTRACT
Popular de Libertacao de Angola (MPLA) government in Angola under the banner of anti-socialism in the 1980s and anti-ethnic cleansing in the 1990s? In fact, if it is true that both capitalism and socialism have failed in Africa, as Basil Davidson (1992) has noted, then perhaps our theoretical task in understanding the developments in African economies and societies still lies before us (Frank 1984).
