ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with transport and tourism, as well as energy which is often seen as an extension of the secondary sector, while retailing is covered in Chapter 5 as part of the urban scene. But, by way of introduction, it is worth emphasising that probably no transformation has been as dramatic as the growth of the tertiary sector, especially if construction is discounted. It has to be said that different procedures for calculating contributions to national output (national income in 1989 and gross value-added for the 1990s) create problems of comparability while the occupation figures have to allow for the substantial contraction in the total employment through the scale of de-industrialisation and the difficulty of showing agriculture realistically when there is so much non-salaried and part-time work (thus the 1989 figure for Romania is probably too low in comparison with 1994 although some increase might be expected). Nevertheless the increases registered by services do point to a significant economic trend which brings ECE much closer to West European profiles. In terms of employment as well as value-added, the service is now the largest of the four shown – with Albania the only exception, although in Romania the employment share is still well below the 50 per cent threshold which virtually all the other countries have crossed (Table 4.1). It is worth emphasising that the tertiary sector tends to be strongest in large cities where agriculture is virtually non-existent and where certain administrative, commercial, educational and financial services are heavily concentrated.
