ABSTRACT
Communist parties were once part of a truly transnational political party. If a strict domestic yardstick is taken to measure whether or not an institution is a ‘political party’ then the communist movement has been the only real transnational political party. Communist parties moved with almost balletic precision in a co-ordinated manner orchestrated by Moscow for most of the history of the European institutions and this transnational political dimension was essential background in both Western communism and the integration of Europe.
