ABSTRACT

Asian language (Bengali, Gujerati, Punjabi, Urdu), and smaller groups, or individual children, who speak languages such as Arabic, Cantonese, Pushtu. (For instance, 8-year-old Kim was the only Vietnamese-speaking child in her school of four hundred boys and girls who spoke seven languages between them.)

(b) Those that do not have substantial numbers of bilingual children, but rather, small groups, or individuals, who speak one of the languages mentioned above, or a language from elsewhere in the world (e.g. Korean, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish).