ABSTRACT
Kenya, Uganda and Zambia should, at a glance, have a lot in common. Former British colonies, they achieved independence within a year of each other between 1962 and 1964. All, Zambia most consistently, tried at one time to use comprehensive economic planning to transform their economies. Kenya’s modern agriculture and relatively sophisticated manufacturing sector, as well as Zambia’s mining and related industry, were foreign dominated. The modern sector in Uganda, otherwise a peasant economy, was also mainly in nonindigenous hands. Nationalization of the foreign firms and/or Africanization of their leadership became vital policy concerns in the 1960s and early 1970s. The three countries depended on the primary sector for the bulk of their export incomes.
