ABSTRACT
Summarising the substance of the last two chapters once again, there exists a fundamental error which makes it impossible for those who succumb to it to grasp the nature of human culture in general and that of language in particular. This error takes the following form: the world can be divided exclusively into two kinds of phenomena, those which are made by God (i.e., existing by nature), and those which are made by people. Tertium non datur. The works of God are natural phenomena; those of humans are artefacts. Natural phenomena exist independently of human will and are therefore the object of the natural sciences; artefacts are the products of voluntary actions and thus the object of the arts and cultural sciences. This fundamental error leads to a misinterpretation of language and linguistics. Those who want to count linguistics among the natural sciences can refer to the fact that language evolves independently of human will. Those who want to count linguistics among the arts and humanities can refer to the fact that only the linguistic acts of human beings could bring about the evolution of language.
