ABSTRACT
False alarms are powerful offensive weapons. Whether the danger is naive or cynical, a few false alarms are sufficient to increase its surprise power. Thus, intentional or not, false alarms have the power to disarm the defense against subsequent dangers. Their offensive nature is based upon history, and without an intelligent mind to take note of them, they would be entirely harmless. Whenever human decision makers and human recipients of warnings are involved, however, false alarms constitute a major threat in their own right.
