ABSTRACT
Explaining why women use the various substances of abuse has received increased attention over the last decade as mounting concerns have been raised regarding women's personal health and safety, mothering abilities, employment performance, and incarceration for drug-related criminal offenses. Concern also has been directed at the effects of short-and long-term maternal substance use during pregnancy and its effects on the developing embryo/fetus, neonate, infant, and child (A.M. Pagliaro & L. A. Pagliaro, 1996). Attention, too, has been given to the effects of maternal substance use on breast fed neonates and infants (L. A. Pagliaro & A. M. Pagliaro, 1995b, in press).
