Introduction

Kingdom became a substantial net exporter, though this situation was reversed in 1990. (It is too early to tell whether this reversal will be permanent.) Meanwhile Germany and France both became net exporters - indeed both overtook the United Kingdom as sources of outward FDI in 1990 and look set to catch the United States in the early 1990s. The pre-eminent place among the exporters of FDI has, however, passed to Japan.