An autoassociative model of causal reasoning and causal learning: reply to Van Over walk's (1998) critique of Read and Marcus-Newhall (1993)

Joanne congratulates Ellen, saying that she just saw Bill in the jewelry store ordering an engagement ring. Ellen is delighted and goes off to plan the wedding.

Most of us would agree that Joanne, although perhaps a bit of a busybody, is just trying to be helpful to Ellen. Now suppose we also viewed the following:

Janet tells Bob that she (Janet) is crazy about him and that she will agree to his earlier proposal if they elope immediately. Bob embraces Janet.