ABSTRACT
According to Frege, reference and truth are fixed entities grasped by a passive user of language. In Russell’s theory, reference is grounded in acquaintance with sense data and truth is a picturing of the fact. For one, truth is a correlate of an abstract semantical relationship, as is the object of a referring term, while for the other the connections are epistemic. Neither offers an analysis of ‘truth’ or of ‘reference’ (Russell’s treatment of ‘denotation’ is not an exception as denotation is not reference).
