ABSTRACT
Across Europe and England, cities and large towns presented musicians with new job opportunities in the eighteenth century. Urban areas were home to universities, print shops, businesses, churches, courts, and a growing middle and upper class, and the confluence of money and cultured clienteles fostered the growth of musical institutions, including opera, concert series, orchestras, and music schools. Courts, churches, and wealthy aristocrats continued to provide traditional forms of employment, but the rise in public concert-going also opened up new jobs—the marketing of those concerts, for instance, in magazines, newspapers, and journals.
