ABSTRACT
An outmoded mood now, it was used in early modern Persian as a form of prayer, for wishing and cursing. In poetical/archaic language you can still encounter examples of this, which mostly consist of changing the third
The only verb whose optative mood is still widely used is the verb ﻥﺩﻮﺑ (to be), its irregular optative form being ﺩﺎﺑ (bXd, sometimes ﺍﺩﺎﺑ [bXdX] in poetry, meaning ‘May [it] be . . .’), especially common in the expression ‘Long live . . . :’
Sometimes a past participle alone – without being part of a perfect tense or structure – is used as a verb.
