ABSTRACT
This chapter concludes Part I by briefy reviewing the conclusions of the previous three chapters. Evidence shows that wealth and education do not always protect against HIV, and that there is a great deal of specificity in the way that HIV prevalence is related to wider structural factors. We have seen that the mainstream economics literature has broadly evolved in two distinct streams: one is focused on the individual and assumes that changes in individual's behaviours are central to reducing HIV prevalence; while the other stream has focused on HIV prevalence as something that manifests itself through broad countrywide structural characteristics, such as poverty and inequality.
