ABSTRACT
We live in a world where religion is not confined to the private sphere and where faith-based acts from Qur’an burning to suicide bombing affront not only believers but also non-believers. The media broadcasts why the absence of authoritarian regimes unseals violence under the banner of religion, and how minorities have become so vulnerable to radical extremism, particularly in Muslim-majority countries. The Arab Spring brought winter to Christians in Egypt and Syria, and the plight of religious minorities is frequently reported in various parts of world such as Nigeria, Turkey, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Indonesia, just to name a few. Violence from stigmatization to genocide, often justified by a religious conviction, likewise justifies state intervention in order to manage the way in which a religion should be presented, preached and most importantly, limited.
