ABSTRACT
An outlier is an individual, team, firm, or any other unit that deviates markedly from others. Influential outliers are units that deviate markedly from the rest and, in addition, their presence has a disproportionate impact on substantive conclusions regarding relationships among variables. Due to their disproportionate impact on substantive conclusions, influential outliers constitute one of the most enduring and pervasive methodological challenges in both micro- (Orr, Sackett, & DuBois, 1991) and macro-level (Hitt, Harrison, Ireland, & Best, 1998) organizational science research.
