ABSTRACT
Some people are more cooperative than others, according to ratings made by those who know them, their behaviour in laboratory tasks and games, and as shown by self-report questionnaires. The first evidence to be obtained was from game situations, like the Prisoners' Dilemma Game. A method devised by Liebrand and McClintock (1988) gives a measure of cooperation and three other approaches to dividing up rewards.
Cooperation is defined as maximising joint gains, own plus others' outcomes.
Competition is maximising the difference between own and other's outcomes.
Altruism is maximising other's outcomes, regardless of own.
Individualism is maximising own outcomes, regardless of the other's.
