ABSTRACT
Introduction In England, from September 2002 citizenship was made part of the non-statutory
framework for personal, social and health education and is a new statutory
foundation subject at Key Stages 3 and 4. The programmes of study and an
attainment target are based on three elements:
• Knowledge and understanding about becoming informed citizens;
• Developing skills of enquiry and approach;
• Developing skills of participation and responsible action.