ABSTRACT
As with other intelligences, spiritual intelligence includes abilities and competen cies that are differentially valued in different cultures. Yang and Sternberg (1997) described different conceptions of intelligence in Taoist and Confucianist Chinese cultures. Character virtues such as humility and benevolence play a much greater role in defining intelligence in these traditions than in contemporary Western views of intelligence. Notions of wisdom, morality, and intelligence are virtually insepa rable in Chinese religious systems. Tethering spirituality and intelligence enables an acknowledgment of and deeper appreciation for spiritual and religious ways of knowing that might be highly prized in certain cultures.
