ABSTRACT
Although many medical conditions can cause transient changes in mental status, a medically induced dementia represents a more enduring condition. In addition to the main dementia subtypes already described in this text, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) lists specific major or minor neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) due to traumatic brain injury, HIV infection, Huntington's disease, and prion disease, as well as substance/medication-induced NCD and NCD due to other medical conditions, multiple etiologies, or unspecified causes. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for NCD due to another medical condition specifies that there is evidence from the history, physical examination, or laboratory findings that the NCD is the “pathophysiological consequence” of a specified medical condition and is distinct from the other major DSM-5 categories. These and other dementia subtypes will be described in this chapter.
