ABSTRACT

Study of living burrowing animals not only shows how they gain a living from an endobenthic mode of life. It also reveals some remarkably sophisticated animal-sediment relationships. Perhaps disturbingly, it shows also how easily many individuals can turn from one sophisticated trophic strategy to a completely different one as the local environment changes. This introduces some uncertainty into trophic interpretation of trace fossils but it helps to explain how two or more ichnotaxa commonly occur together as parts of a single structure.