ABSTRACT
This essay deals with the practice of ecotopias (Kumar, 1987, 1991; Veldman, 1994). The study of utopias has quite recently shifted from purely literary studies of ideal cities to include more sociologically inspired analyses of various visions of the future reflected in science fiction, movies, the media, foresight studies, forecast reports, governmental investigations, and models of the future (Kumar, 1991; Parrinder, 2000; Sargisson, 2012). In attempting to understand these utopias, the focus is on comprehending descriptions of future human communities in which conflict is absent, descriptions that attract supporters by using scientific terminology, invoking logical necessity, and making emotional appeals (Manuel & Manuel, 1979, p. 29; see also Goodwin, 1978; Kumar, 1991; Marin, 1993).
