ABSTRACT
Obvious challenges to constituency-based theories of syntax are found in languages, such as Warlpiri, that allow signifi cant fl exibility in word order. Warlpiri not only allows free ordering of constituents but also allows constituents to be non-contiguous. Hale (1983) proposed a confi gurationality parameter, whereby the languages of the world are divided into those that express grammatical and semantic relations via a constituent structure and those that do so through a morphological (e.g., case) mapping.
