ABSTRACT
Horus," a class of beings who are mentioned frequently in Egyptian literature from the earliest times, and who soem to have introducecl a higher grade of civilization
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descendants of the aboriginal north-east African race who were conquere(l by the Shemsu Veru, or the " Followers of Horns," i.e., the fOl1nders of the historical king(lom which had its beginning ill Upper Bgypt. 'fhis fact is proved by the use of the word SUTEN
or BAT 1 a word which has been conjectured to be of Libyan origin. It is worthy of note that in the group which meallS "King of the South and North," the sign for "king of the South" precedes' that of "king of the N ortb." Now gradually the word SUTEN gained the meaning of king, par e,rcellence, a signification w11ich the word NET or BAT never acquired. The fact that the Egyptians themselves always regardell their country as composed of two kingdoms, i.e., Upper and Lower Egypt, is proved by the two crowns which are usually united on the heads of their sovereigns. The crOWll of U ppm' Egypt was represented by the Rign and was called J:lETCHET, Lecause of its" wllite" colour, and the crown of Lower
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Egypt was represented by the sign ann was called 'rESIIl~U'l', because of its "ru(l" colour; the united crowns were reprcsented by a ::;igll which has been COllllllOlJly but erroncously n~a(l "Pt;chent," thc correct reading being, of comse, " HeI-het." 1 Egyptian kings of the dynastic period were never tirecl of calling themselves" Lord of the two Janus," a title which we now know must rcfer to the two kingdoms of thc South and N ortll, and not to the A'j'EBUI, or east and wcst banks of the Nile. 1\J oreover, in the earliest dynastic times the king of all Egypt was already dit;tinguishcd by the title i.e., "lord of the city of the god(less Neld\(~lJet," and" lord of the city of the goddess Uatchct," i.e., "lord of Eileithyiapolis and lhto," which were held to be the representati ve cities of the South and the North. The idea of the ullion of the South and the North was symbolically exprmlsed by the hieroglyphic which was intewlecl to represent the tying together of the papyrus and lotuR, plant::; which typified the South and the North rcspectively; thc sign is read" SAM TAUl," i.e., "union of the two lands," and is found engraved on the thrones of seated statnes of killgs. The first instance of its URe occurs Oll a vase of King Besh, i.e., Kha-sekhem (Khit-sckhemui), the Betchau of the King
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2. TESAU.
