ABSTRACT
T hroughout this book, there has been a focus on threat and survival as main operations that occupy the whole body. In general, we survive a myriad of milestones and challenges. Our bodies develop learned safety , which is a set of expectations that regulates our nervous system, based on predictable daily routines and patterns (Porges, in press). However, there are a number of experiences that interfere with the electrochemical fl ow in the body and these can reach a level of trauma. A great deal of what we know about the brain has come about because of trauma science. In this chapter, the emphasis moves from normative threat-survival responses to those that reach the level of injury and wounding. Trauma is oft en a ghost that haunts important relationships.
