ABSTRACT
Augustus and Tiberius reconsidered the cost-effectiveness of the operations in Germany. Tiberius as Princeps deployed troops only when he had to, as in 17-24 to maintain Roman control in north Africa, and he created provinces only when there was no risk involved. Reducing the profitable kingdoms of Cappadocia and Commagene to provincial status in 17-18 created revenues that enabled him to announce a halving of one of Augustus' new taxes, although it was back at its original level by 3 I. This caution, and the 10.7°/rJ reduction in the legionaries' stipend and discharge bounty bills resulting from the reduction of 28 legions to 25, must have brought down costs.
