ABSTRACT
Municipal governments generally claim and promise to provide people with inhabitable city space. However, as we review city projects currently in progress, it is readily apparent that many municipal agencies have continuously adopted strategies and plans and sought legislative authority to manage-to control-city space. When undertaking urban development projects, government agencies have followed various forms of operational rationalism while neglecting cultural and human factors, including the continuous transformation of cultures and human needs. In studies of the sociology of everyday life, some sociologists such as Michel de Certeau and Henri Lefebvre point out that everyday life of common or ordinary people offer professionals, including planners, architects, and designers, a new perspective into people’s response-reception-to their programmed living environment. These sociologists see reception as a kind of continuous, creative act and art that interacts dynamically with cultural and social changes.
