ABSTRACT
One measure of an authoritarian state and education is the treatment of women. As I stated in chapter 1, a nonauthoritarian society cannot exist if one gender is oppressed by another gender. In Western society, classical liberal traditions of the 17th and 18th centuries justified unequal political power for women. The denial of equal political power to women can be found in the educational and political writings of two prominent members of the liberal tradition-John Locke (1632-1704) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). Besides making important intellectual contributions to classical liberalism, Locke and Rousseau wrote influential books on pedagogy that shaped Western educational traditions.
