ABSTRACT
Leadership theory suffers from a defect-it does not represent leadership-not as historians define it and as leaders themselves practice it. . . . [T]he theorists have not rediscovered the essential difference between leadership and management and blindly perpetuate the myth that the two concepts are interchangeable. For centuries, man has endowed leadership with special meaning. The manager arrived relatively late on the scene of human debate and enterprise. The two ideas were never intended to be fused. Great leaders were seldom effective managers.5
