ABSTRACT
Water demand management instruments have already been introduced in Jordan. Compared with the emphasis placed on the supply-side approach (see above), however, these instruments are relatively ineffective and insignificant. They include groundwater abstraction permits, which were classified in the theoretical part of the study as a non-tradable groundwater property right, a groundwater abstraction charge levied on industry and municipal water tariffs. Agricultural water tariffs in the Jordan Valley are not included because the water distributed by the Jordan Valley Authority is obtained from surface water sources. Water tariffs in the Jordan Valley are not therefore a groundwater management instrument.
