ABSTRACT

Even as he was being apotheosized in the capitals of Europe and the United States, he died in exile with but a handful of companions, coughing his tubercular lungs out on the hot coast at Santa Marta. He who had commanded enormous armies and beaten Murillo’s Spanish cavalry into the ground. He who had changed the destiny of an empire and brought to a new world new nations. Acclaimed as The Liberator, within a few brief years his fame evaporated under a tropical sun.