ABSTRACT
Although observers and authorities differ regarding the specific actions needed to create and maintain a successful organization, they all agree that leadership plays a pivotal role (Bennis, 1994; Hackman & Johnson, 2000; Kotter, 1988; Kouzes & Posner, 1987; O’Toole, 1996; Peters, 1987). There are literally thousands of books describing leaders or giving advice on what it takes to be a leader. History provides a laundry list of legendary military, political, and religious heroes that are often seen as great leaders. Anecdotal material abounds regarding specific organizational leaders such as Lee Iaccoca (Chrysler), Mary Kay (Cosmetics), Walt Disney, Sam Walton (Wal-Mart), Jack Welch (G.E.) or Bill Gates (Microsoft). The less known founders or leaders of the Hondas, IBMs, Subways, and many local and regional organizations have been key forces in shaping their organizations. Remember Howard Schultz? He was the CEO of Starbucks, a coffee chain so successful that it is flourishing even during the downturns of the early 2000s (Schwartz, 2001). The average, loyal Starbucks customer visits 18 times in a month-for a cup of “special” coffee! When the company becomes a success story, investigators discover that the leadership activities were a key factor. The key concepts covered in this chapter include:
Definition of leadership Leadership characteristics Leadership and management Power Leadership theories Motivation Conflict management Leadership direction
This chapter provides a systematic examination of leadership. You are already privy to a great deal of leadership information. Our goal here is to collect our understanding of leadership in one chapter. This is accomplished by following these steps. First, we explain the seven key leadership attributes as a means for defining the concept. Second, a differentiation between management and leadership is provided. Because communication is vital to leadership, the third part of this chapter explains this link. Fourth, several major
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behavioral approaches to understanding leadership are examined. Fifth, the link between leadership and motivation is presented. Next, conflict management techniques are introduced. Finally, the chapter offers some firm leadership direction.
